The Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Biodiversity at UESC offers master's and doctoral level courses, selecting candidates through two types of selection processes: regular and institutional.

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The regular selection process typically occurs online, annually between December and February, and is open to any Brazilian or foreign candidate interested in joining the Program. The ranking order of approved candidates is used to assign available scholarships to the highest-ranked individuals. The number of scholarships varies from year to year, depending on the availability of funding agencies. The rules of each selection process are detailed in specific notices.

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The institutional selection process, on the other hand, provides vacancies for candidates who are referred to the PPGECB by UESC partner institutions to develop dissertations or theses of interest to both UESC and the institutions. Candidates also enter through a selection process, the characteristics of which vary according to each notice, but always involve exams and analysis of research proposals. However, unlike the regular selection process, candidates for institutional vacancies do not receive scholarships from the Program, as it is understood that the student's maintenance in the PPGECB is the responsibility and interest of the partner institutions.

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In 2022, the PPGECB adopted reserved vacancies for minority groups, seeking to reduce the barriers these groups face in accessing graduate studies. The vacancy reservation policy was established at UESC by CONSEPE RESOLUTION 79/2023.